temIhnNmcw/ skÀPn BâWn

apl½Zv Al½Zns\PmZv Atacn¡bv¡p am{Xaà Ct¸mÄ Cdm\nse bmYmØnXnIÀ¡pw I®nse IcSmWv. Ignª cWvSp XhW Cdmsâ {]knUâmbn sXcsªSp¡s¸« Al½Zns\PmZn\p aq¶masXmcp XhW A[nImc¯nse¯m\pÅ P\]n´pWbpWvSv. ]t£ F´p sN¿mw, Cdm³ `cWLS\b\pkcn¨v HcmÄ¡p aq¶mw XhWbpw {]knUâmhm³ IgnbnÃ.

F¦nepw \ewXnIª cmjv{Sob¡mc\mb Al½Zns\PmZv AXn\p adpacp¶p IWvSp]nSn¨p. Xsâ Däkplr¯mb Ckv^µnbÀ dlnwamjmbnsb {]knUâv Øm\mÀYnbm¡n. Al½Zns\PmZnsâ ap³ ssk\ym[n]³IqSnbmWp amjmbn. ]t£ aÕcn¡p¶XnÂ\n¶p amjmbnsb hne¡nbncn¡pIbmWv ]ptcmlnX kanXnbmb KmÀUnb³ Iu¬knÂ. Ct±ls¯ am{Xaà ap³ {]knUâpw anXhmZnbpamb AIv_À lsjan d^vk³Pm\nsbbpw aÕcn¡p¶XnÂ\n¶p hne¡n.

Xsâ hewssIbmb amjmbnsb AtbmKy\m¡nbXns\Xntc Cdmsâ ]ctam¶X t\Xmhv Ab¯pÅ Aen Jta\nbpsS ]¡Â ]cmXnbpambn t]mIm\ncn¡pIbmWv Al½Zns\PmZv. d^vk³Pm\n¡v AtbmKyX Iev]n¨Xv Atacn¡sbbpw sNmSn¸n¨n«pWvSv. hnNn{Xamb am\ZÞ§fmWp {]knUâv Øm\mÀYnXz¯n\p \nÝbn¨ncn¡p¶sX¶pw aXt\XrXz¯n\v A[nImc¯n ]nSnapdp¡m\pÅ X{´amWnsX¶pw Atacn¡ Btcm]n¡p¶p. Pq¬ 14\mWv Cdm\nse {]knUâv sXcsªSp¸v.

Al½Zns\PmZnsâ ]p{X³ hnhmlw Ign¨ncn¡p¶Xp amjmbnbpsS aIsfbmWv. Ignª `cWIqS¯n H¶mw sshkv {]knUâmbncp¶p amjmbn. Cdm\n Bcp `cW¯nse¯nbmepw ]ctam¶X t\Xmhns\bpw aXt\XrXzs¯bpw AhKWn¨p apt¶m«pt]mIm\mhnÃ. Al½Zns\PmZv BZyDug¯n henb {]iv\sam¶pw IqSmsX Imcy§Ä apt¶m«psImWvSpt]msb¦nepw cWvSmaqg¯n NnÃd AkzØXIÄ Xes]m¡n. bmYmØnXnI hn`mK¯nsâ XmXv]cy§Ä¡\pkrXambn \o§mXncp¶ H¶mw sshkv {]knUâv amjmbnbpw AhÀ¡v At¶ A\`naX\mbncp¶p.

]ctam¶X t\Xmhv Ab¯pÅ Aen Jta\n t\cn«v CSs]«mWv H¶mw sshkv {]knUâvv Øm\¯p\n¶p amjmbnsb Hgnhm¡nbXv. F¶n«pw aIsâ `mcym]nXmhns\ Dt]£n¡m³ Al½Zns\PmZn\v Bhpambncp¶nÃ. At±ls¯ No^v Hm^v Ìm^mbn \nban¨p. 2005 BZy sXcsªSp¸n 62 iXam\w thm«p t\SnbmWv Al½Zns\PmZv A[nImc¯nse¯p¶Xv. Cdmsâ BWh]co£Ww, A´ÀtZiob BWthmÀP GP³knbpambpw Atacn¡bpambpÅ XÀ¡w, kndnb³ Iem]w XpS§n ]e hnjb§fnepw Al½Zns\PmZnsâ \ne]mSpIÄ hnhmZ§fmbn. cWvSmaqg¯nepw thm«nwKv iXam\¯n bmsXmcp IpdhpanÃmsX Al½Zns\PmZv sXcªSp¡s¸s«¦nepw sXcsªSp¸n ]e XncnadnIfpw \S¶Xmbn ISp¯ hnaÀi\apbÀ¶p. lpssk³ aukmhnbmbncp¶p FXnÀ Øm\mÀYn. ho«pXS¦enemb aukmhn C¶pw ]pd¯nd§nbn«nÃ.

Al½Zns\PmZns\tbm At±lw ]n´pWbv¡p¶hsctbm {]knUâv Øm\t¯¡p sImWvSphcp¶Xn Cdm\nse iàamb aXt\XrXz¯n\p sXÃpw XmXv]cyanÃ. A[nImc¯nencp¶ Ime¯v Al½Zns\PmZv X§Ä¡pWvSm¡nb XethZ\ AhÀ¡p ad¡m\mhnÃ. Aen Jta\n ]ckyambn {]IoÀ¯n¨ CâenP³kv a{´n sslZÀ samkvtelnsb ]pd¯m¡nbt¸mgmWv Gähpw henb {]XnkÔnbpWvSmbXv. cWvSmgvNtbmfw Hm^oknÂ\n¶p hn«p\n¶mWv Al½Zns\PmZv Xsâ {]Xntj[w {]ISn¸n¨Xv.

Ahkm\w Jta\n iàamb \ne]msSSp¯p. Xm³ ]p\À\nba\w \evInb a{´nsb IqsS¡q«m\mhnsæn cmPnh¨p ]pd¯ps]mbvs¡mffm³ Jta\n \nÀtZiw \evIn. KXy´cansöp IWvS Al½Zns\PmZv Hm^oknse¯n tPmenbn {]thin¨p. a{´nbpsS ]p\À\nba\w AwKoIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ]ctam¶X t\XrXzhpambn H¯pXoÀ¸nemsb¦nepw A¶papX AhcpsS t\m«¸pÅnbmbn Al½Zns\PmZv.

Atacn¡bpw BWhmbp[hpambn _Ôs¸« hnjb§fneqsS temI{i² ]nSn¨p\ns¶¦nepw B`y´cXe¯n ISp¯ {]XnkÔnIfneqsSbmWv Al½Zns\PmZv IS¶pt]mbXv. hne¡bäw, sXmgnenÃmbva F¶nhbpsS {Km^v DbÀ¶p. Cdm³ Id³knbpsS aqeyw Ip¯s\ CSnªp. PpUojdnbpambpw CStbWvSnh¶p. CkvemanI hn¹h¯n\ptijw h¶ kÀ¡mcpIfn Gähpw AgnaXn\ndª `cWw F¶mWv Al½Zns\PmZv`cWIqS¯\p PpUojdn sImSp¯ kÀ«n^n¡äv,

Imcy§Ä ssIhn«t¸mÄ ]mÀesaâv {]knUâns\ hnfn¨phcp¯n. cmPyw t\cnSp¶ {]iv\§sf¡pdn¨pÅ ]mÀesaâwK§fpsS tNmZy§Ä¡pap¶n {]knUân\v D¯cwap«n. At\zjW¯n\p ]mÀesaâv kaXnsb \ntbmKn¡m³ Xocpam\ns¨¦nepw Jta\n t\cn«v CSs]«v Al½Zns\PmZns\ c£n¨p. Ignª Hcp hymgh«¡meambn Cdmsâ BWh]²XnIÄ temI cmjv{Sob¯n NÀ¨mhnjbamWv. Al½Zns\PmZv A[nImc¯n h¶tXmsS {]iv\w IqSpX cq£ambn. Cdm\nse aXt\XrXz¯nsâ A\paXnbnÃmsX \nÀWmbI Xocpam\§sfSp¡m³ _p²nap«pÅXpsImWvSv IgnhXpw AhcpsSIqsS A\paXn t\Sm\pw At±lw {ian¨ncp¶p.

GXmbmepw Al½Zns\PmZvbpKw XXvImew XocpIbmWv. F¦nepw Xm³ XpS§nh¨ Nne Imcy§sf¦nepw Dä N§mXnbmb Fkv^m³UnbÀdlnw amjmbneqsS XpScmw F¶ {]Xo£bmWv Ct¸mÄ XIÀ¶phoWncn¡p¶Xv.

{]knUâv Øm\t¯¡p aÕcn¡m³ ]ptcmlnXkanXn A\paXn \evInbhcn ]ecpw ISp¯ bmYmØnXnIcpw Cdm\nse aXt\XrXz¯nsâ BÚm\phÀ¯nIfpamWv. anXhmZnIfpw t]cn\psWvS¦nepw `cW¯nsâ ISnªm¬ Jta\nbpsSbpw aXt\XrXz¯nsâbpw ssIbnembncn¡pw. AXpsImWvSpXs¶ P\§fn hensbmcp hn`mK¯n\v Ct¸mgs¯ sXcsªSp¸n henb hnizmkanÃ. ]t£ ]ckyamb {]Xntj[¯n\pw XXvImew Bcpw XbmdÃ.

en sINymwKnsâ kµÀi\w

ssN\okv {][m\a{´n en sINymwKnsâ C´ym kµÀi\s¯¡pdn¨v C´y³ `cWt\XrXzhpw _nkn\kv cwKhpw am[ya§fpw Gsd Bthit¯msSbmWv A`n{]mb{]IS\w \S¯nbXv. ssN\sb B[p\nI ImeL«¯n \bn¡m³ AhnSps¯ IayqWnÌv ]mÀ«n t\XrXzw NpaXes¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶ en sINymwKn\p hyàamb Nne e£y§fpw ]²XnIfpapWvSv. AXp ssN\bnse cmjv{Sob t\XrXzhpw `cWt\XrXzhpw IW¡pIq«nsbSp¯n«pÅXmWv.

AXnÀ¯n XÀ¡§Ä ]cnlcn¡p¶Xns\¡pdn¨pw D`bI£n hym]mcw hÀ[n¸n¡p¶Xns\¡pdn¨psams¡ en hfsc Imcyambn kwkmcn¨p. B[p\nI ssN\bpsS tImÀ]tdäv at\m`mhw B {]IS\§fnseÃmw sXfnªp\n¶ncp¶p.

\yqUÂlnbn hnam\and§nb en {][m\a{´nbpambpw aäpw NÀ¨ \S¯n. F«p IcmdpIfn H¸ph¨p. an¡Xpw ssN\bpsS hym]mc XmXv]cy§Ä kwc£n¡p¶Xn\p]bpàambXv. \yqUÂlnbnteXnt\¡mÄ en XmXv]cysaSp¯Xp apwss_ kµÀi\amsW¶p IcptXWvSnbncn¡p¶p. ImcWw ssN\bpsS hym]mcþ hmWnPy XmXv]cy§Ä km£mXvIcn¡s¸Sm³ B kµÀi\amWv Gsd {][m\sa¶v At±l¯n\dnbmw.

Smäm {Kq¸v sNbÀam³ sskdkvankv{Sn DÄs¸sS {]apJ hyhkmbnIsfsbms¡ IWvSp. C´y¡p henb hy]mc¡½nbmWp ssN\bpambpÅXv. AXmbXv C´ybnÂ\n¶p ssN\bnte¡pÅ IbäpaXn Ipdhpw ssN\bn \n¶pÅ Cd¡paXn AXnsâ ]Xn·S§pamWv. _eq¬ apX ihs¸«n hsc ssN\ C´ybnte¡v Cd¡paXn sN¿p¶pWvSv. F¶mÂ, C´y³ DXv]¶§fpsS Cd¡paXn ssN\ Imcyambn t{]mÕmln¸n¡p¶panÃ.

Cu Ak´penXmhØ CÃmXm¡m³ C´y³ _nkn\kv kaqlwXs¶ ap³ssI FSp¡Wsa¶mWp en sINymwKv ]dbp¶Xv. ZoÀLIme e£y§fpÅhÀ¡v Ahkc§Ä s]s«¶p Xncn¨dnbm\mhpsa¶p ]dª en 1860 ImeL«¯n Smäm {Kq¸v ssN\bn {]hÀ¯n¨ncp¶ Imcyhpw FSp¯p]dªp. SmäbpsS kmt¦XnI anIhns\ {]kwK¯nepS\ofw en {]IoÀ¯n¡pIbpWvSmbn.

{][m\a{´nØm\w GsäSp¯tijw en BZyambn \S¯nb hntZibm{X C´ybnte¡mbncp¶psh¦nepw At±l¯nsâ ASp¯ kµÀi\hpw H«pw A{]kàaÃ. ]m¡nØm\te¡mbncp¶p B bm{X. apwss_bnÂ\n¶p en t\tc t]mbXv Ckvemam_mZnte¡v. GXp ImemhØbnepw kJyI£nIfmbn XpScp¶hÀ F¶mWp ]m¡nØms\ ssN\ hntijn¸n¡p¶Xv. ]m¡nØm\pambpÅ _Ôw kpZrVam¡n \nÀ¯m³ CcpcmPy§sfbpw t{]cn¸n¡p¶Xp asämcp Ab¡mc\mb C´ybmsW¶ Imcyw CcpIq«À¡pw \¶mbdnbmw.

C´ytbmSp ssN\ Ct¸mÄ {]ISn¸n¡p¶ B`napJyw AhcpsS tImÀ]tdäv apJamWp hyàam¡p¶Xv. I¨hSw \S¯m\pÅ kmlNcyw Hcp¡pI. AtXkabw ssk\nI _Ô§fn ]m¡nØm³, {ioe¦, ameZzo]v F¶nhbpamsbms¡ IqSpX klIcWw Dd¸phcp¯pI F¶XmWv AhcpsS \bw.

hn{Kl§Ä hoWpSbpt¼mÄ / tPm¬k¬ ]qh´pcp¯vþ3



HmSWvSm HmSWvSm HmSn¯ftcWvSm...
Hma\ ]qapJw hmSntSWvSm...

Iem`h³ aWnbpsS {]ikvXamb Cu CucSnIÄ Hcph«sa¦nepw aqfm¯ aebmfnIÄ Ipdhmbncn¡pw. Hcp Ime¯p aWn aebmfnIsf t\m¡n ]mSn lnäpw kq¸À lnäpsams¡bm¡nb AtX ]m«v Ct¸mÄ aWnbpsS apJ¯p t\m¡n ]mtSWvS AhØbnemWp aebmfnIÄ. AXnc¸nÅn¡p kao]w h\]meIcpambn Gäpap«n {Inan\ tIknÂs¸«Xns\¯pSÀ¶p \m«nÂ\n¶p XXvImew amdn\n¶p \nbat]mcm«¯nemWp I£n. Z£ntW´ybnse Xs¶ Adnbs¸Sp¶ Xmc§fnsemcmfmb Iem`h³ aWnsb C§s\sbmcp AhØbn ImWm³ aebmfnIÄ Xosc CjvSs¸Sp¶nà F¶XmWp kXyw. ]t£, AXp aWnsbt¸mepÅhÀ Xncn¨dnbp¶ptWvSm?

anan{InbneqsSbpw AXnep]cnbmbn \mS³ ]m«pIfneqsSbpambncp¶p aWn aebmfnbpsS a\kp]nSn¨S¡nbXv. aWn ]mSp¶Xp bYmÀY \mS³ ]m«mtWm? A§s\ Xd¸ns¨mcp A`n{]mbw X\n¡p Xs¶bnsöp Iem`h³ aWn Xs¶ ]eh«w ]dªn«pWvSv. am{XaÃ, tIcf¯nse ]e {]apJ \mS³]m«pImcpw Xsâ \mS³]m«nsâ ISp¯ hnaÀiIcmsW¶pw At±lw hyàam¡nbn«pWvSv. C§s\sbms¡bmsW¦nepw \mS³ ]m«n\p kaImenI kaql¯n t]m¸pemcnän t\Sns¡mSp¡p¶Xn aWn \nÀWmbI ]¦phln¨p. aWn kzbsagpXn CuWan«p ]mSnb ]e ]m«pIfpw \m«nepw adp\m«nepw aebmfnIÄ Gäp]mSn. anan{In thZnbnÂ\n¶p ImkäpIfnte¡pw kn\naIfnte¡pwhsc aWnbpsS ]m«pIfpw \¼cpIfpw ]d¶p Ibdn, H¸w Bbncambncw aebmfnIfpsS lrZb§fnte¡pw. Iem`h³ aWn¡p aebmfnIfpsS CSbn e`n¨ kzoImcyXbpsS sXfnhmbncp¶p Ne¨n{XcwKt¯¡pÅ IpXn¨pIbäw. XpS¡¯n lmkyXmcambn cwK{]thiw sNbvX aWn, sshImsX Icp¯pä IYm]m{X§fpambn \mbIØm\hpw ]nSn¨p. aWnapg¡¯n lnäpIfpw kq¸À lnäpIfpw ]nd¶p.

FÃmhcpsSbpw Xmcw

FÃm {]mb¡mcnÂ\n¶pw aWn¡v Bcm[Isc e`n¨p. IpXnc Nn\bv¡p¶ a«n aWn AhXcn¸n¨ Nncnt]mepw \m«pImÀ GsäSp¯v BtLmjam¡n. BtLmj¸d¼pIfn aWnbpsS \mS³]m«pIÄ AebSn¨pbÀ¶p. \mS³ ]m«pIfpamsb¯nb ImkäpIÄ h³tXmXn hnägnªp. aWn Xmcambn Dbcpt¼mgpw aämÀ¡pw\evIm¯ Hcp tkm^vävtImÀWdpw aebmfn aWn¡p \evInbncp¶p. Nme¡pSnbnse Hmt«m¡mc\nÂ\n¶p IjvS¸mSpIfneqsSbpÅ hfÀ¨bpsS IYIÄ aWnbnÂ\n¶p Xs¶ ]eh«w aebmfnIÄ tI«ncp¶p. {]XnkÔnIfpsS ZpcnX¨mepIÄ ISs¶¯nb aWn At\IÀ¡p {]tNmZ\ambn hfcpIbmbncp¶p. ]cnanXnIsf Ahkc§fm¡n amäm\pw amäpcbv¡m\pw aWnbpsS A\p`h§Ä ]mT§fmsW¶p ]ecpw NqWvSn¡mWn¨p. ]t£, kz´w aqeyw A¨S¡anÃm¯ Nne kao]\§fneqsS aWnXs¶ CSn¨pXmgv¯pIbmtWm?

shdpw Hcp Xmcambn«mbncp¶nà aWnsb P\w a\knteänbXv. I®ocnsâ D¸pw A[zm\¯nsâ Icp¯pw \mS³ ]m«nsâ \njvIf¦Xbpsams¡ tXSnbmWv AhÀ Cu bphXmcs¯ kz´am¡nbXv. kn\nam{]`bpsS G¨psI«epIÄ CÃm¯, a®nsâbpw a\pjysâbpw KÔadnbp¶ Hcp ]¨a\pjys\ sXm«dnbm\mWv BfpIÄ ]et¸mgpw aWnsb¯p¶ thZnIÄ¡p ap¶n ssIbSn¨v BÀ¸phnfn¨Xv. Xsâ P\IobXbv¡p amäpIq«m³ ]et¸mgpw kn\nabpsS sI«ph«§Ä s]m«n¨p Nme¡pSnbnse P\a[y¯nte¡v Cd§m³ aSn¡m¯ aWn am[ya§fpsS Xes¡«pIÄ¡pw {]nbs¸«h\mbncp¶p.

X§Ä CjvSs¸Sp¶hsc¡pdn¨v Ft¸mgpw \à hmÀ¯IÄ tIÄ¡Wsa¶mWp P\w B{Kln¡p¶Xv. {]tXyIn¨v Gsdt¸sc kzm[o\n¡m\pw {]tNmZn¸n¡m\pw Ignbp¶ Iem`h³ aWnsbt¸msebpÅ Xmc§sf¡pdn¨v. kq¸ÀXmc§Ä aZy¯nsâ ]cky¯n A`n\bn¡p¶psh¶p tIÄ¡pt¼mgpw sXämb CS]mSpIfn DÄs¸Sp¶psh¶p tIÄ¡pt¼mgpw kaqlw tcmjwsImÅp¶Xnsâ ImcWhpw CXmWv.

[mÀanItcmjt¯msS

bphXeapdbv¡v Bthiambn \ndª Iem`h³ aWnsb¶ Xmcw XpSÀ¨bmbn hnhmZ§fnse \mbI\mIpt¼mÄ aebmfn¡p thZ\n¡p¶Xpw AXpsImWvSpXs¶. shäne¸mdbn t^mdÌv DtZymKØcpambpWvSmb kwLÀjamWv Ct¸mÄ aWnsb hnhmZ\mbI\m¡nbncn¡p¶Xv. ASnsImWvS t^mdÌpImcpw aWnbpw Bip]{Xnbn InSt¡WvSnh¶p. Hcp hml\]cntim[\sb XÀ¡hpw hmt¡ähpw ]n¶n«p ssIbm¦fn hsc sImsWvS¯n¨ kw`hw XoÀ¯pw Hgnhmt¡WvSXmbncp¶p.

{]ikvXcmbn¡gnªmÂ, DbÀ¶ Øm\§fnte¡v F¯n¡gnªmÂ, {]apJcpambn _Ôw Øm]n¨p IgnªmÂ... ]ns¶ Fs¶tbm Fsâ hWvSntbm XSªp\nÀ¯mt\m tNmZy§Ä tNmZn¡mt\m ]cntim[n¡mt\m ]mSnsö Xe¡\w aebmfn¡p ]tWvS DÅXmWv. AXn\v Bsc¦nepw Xp\nªm AXp t]meokmbmepw t^mdÌvImcmbmepw \½Ä “[mÀanItcmj¯m Pzen¡pw. B Pze\w Aev]w IqSnt¸mtbm? a{´nbpsS _Ôphnsâ hWvSn ]cntim[n¨m knsF¡p Øewamäw, t\Xmhnsâ Afnb\p s]änbSn¨m FkvsF¡p kkvs]³j³ XpS§nbhsbms¡bmWv C¶pw \½psS tIcf¯nse \m«p\S¸v. AtXkabw, ]cntim[\bv¡v F¯p¶hcpw X§Ä AWnªncn¡p¶ bqWnt^mansâ am\yXbv¡\pkcn¨p s]cpamdWsa¶pÅXnepw XÀ¡anÃ. aWnbmbXpsImWvSmWp tIkpWvSmbsX¶pw kq¸ÀXmcambncps¶¦n c£s¸t«s\sb¶papÅ hmZw Ignª Znhkw DbÀ¶ncp¶p. F¶mÂ, GsX¦nepw Hcp kq¸ÀXmcw C§s\sbmcp AhØ krjvSn¨n«nà F¶XpIqSn tNÀ¯phmbn¡Ww. kmlNcy§Ä ]cntim[n¡pt¼mÄ Imcy§Ä aWn¡v A{X A\pIqeaÃ. ImcWw C¯cw Btcm]Ww aWns¡Xntc Dbcp¶Xv CXv BZyaÃ. t\cs¯, DtZymKØcpsS HutZymKnI IrXy\nÀhlW¯n\p XSkapWvSm¡nb cWvSp kw`h§fn Iem`h³ aWns¡Xntc tIkv cPnÌÀ sNbvXn«psWvS¶p Ignª Znhkw t]meokv tImSXnbn hyàam¡nbncp¶p.

t]cn\pw s]cpabv¡psam¸w s]cptIWvSXmWp ]¯camäpÅ s]cpamähpw. ap³IqÀ Pmayw t\Sn apJwc£n¡m³ {ian¡p¶Xnt\¡mÄ F{Xtbm al¯camWv C¯cw kw`h§fnÂs¸«p apJw \jvSs¸Sp¯mXncn¡pIsb¶Xv. AXp \mfs¯ Xeapdbv¡p sNehnÃmsX \evImhp¶ Aaqeyamb k½m\wIqSnbmWv. aWn apg§pt¼mgmWv AXp kt´mjw ]Icp¶Xv, AÃmsX apcfpt¼mgÃ.

\msf: hgn sXäntbmSp¶ Aizta[§Ä.