skÃptembnUnsâ kuµcyw

shÅn¯ncbn kn\naItfmtcm¶pw IWvSpXoÀ¡pt¼mÄ F§s\bmbncp¶p Cu hnkvab¯nsâ XpS¡sa¶v Nn´n¡mdnÃ. ]s£ skÃptembnUv F¶ Nn{Xw B XpS¡¯nte¡v, BZy Ime§fnte¡v t{]£Is\ Iq«ns¡mWvSp t]mIpIbmWv. aebmf kn\nabpsS ]nXmhmb sP.kn Um\nbensâ PohnXw ]IÀ¯pt¼mÄ Ia kn\nabpsS Ncn{X¯nte¡v IS¶p t]mIpI Xs¶bmWv. aebmf kn\na CS¡psh¨p ad¶p t]mb aebmf kn\nabpsS ]nXmhn\v AÀln¡p¶ BZcw Xs¶bmIp¶p skÃptembnUv F¶ Ia Nn{Xw. C¡mea{Xbpw Hcp kwhn[mbI\pw IS¶p sNÃm¯ sP.kn Um\nbensâ PohnX¯nte¡v Imad Nen¸n¨XpsImWvSv Xm¦Ä¡v XoÀ¨bmbpw A`nam\n¡mw IaÂ.

aebmf kn\nasb kvt\ln¡p¶ FÃm t{]£Icpw Dd¸mbpw IWvSncnt¡WvS Nn{XamWv skÃptembnUv. A{Xt¯mfw Hcp kwhn[mbI³ F¶ \nebn t{]£ItcmSpw Ncn{Xt¯mSpw \oXn]peÀ¯nbn«pWvSv IaÂ. BÀ¸phnfnIÄ¡pw, BtLmj§Ä¡pambn \ndbp¶ XntbädpIÄ Cu \à Nn{X¯n\p thWvSnbpw t{]£Iscs¡mWvSv \ndbs« F¶v Biwkn¡p¶p.

skÃptembnUv F¶ kn\na¡pÅnÂ, Ahtijn¸nÃm¯ adªp t]mb hnKXIpamc³ F¶ kn\nasbbpw AXnsâ kwhn[mbI³ sP.kn Um\nbens\bpw Zpc´ \mbnI F¶ {]tbmKw A£cmÀY¯n icnbmIpw hn[w Zpc´§Ä th«bmSnb ]n.sI tdmkn F¶ BZyaebmf kn\nam \mbnIsbbpw Cu Ncn{Xsams¡ \ap¡v ]dªpX¶ tNe§m«v tKm]meIrjvW³ F¶ ]{X{]hÀ¯Is\bpw hosWvSSp¡pIbmWv IaÂ.

1913 ZmZmkmln_v ^mÂsI C´ybn BZyambn Ne¨n{Xw Hcp¡nbXn\pw (cmPm lcnÝ{µ) Gsd hÀj§Ä¡p tijw 1926emWv sP.kn Um\nb F¶ [ojWimen aebmf¡cbn \n¶pw Hcp kn\na F¶ ZuXyhpambn Cd§n¯ncn¡p¶Xv. 1928 At±l¯nsâ Nn{Xw hnKXIpamc³ dneokv sN¿s¸«p. AXv aebmf¯nse BZy kn\nabpw, sP.kn Um\nb aebmf¯nse BZy Ne¨n{XImc\pambn.

BZy aebmf kn\nabmb hnKXIpamcsâ \nÀ½mWhpw AXn\p tijw sP.kn Um\nbensâ PohnXw F´mbncp¶p F¶ At\zjWhpamWv skÃptembnUv F¶ kn\na¡v Ia {]tabam¡p¶Xv. hn\p G{_lmansâ t\mh \jvS\mbnIbmWv kn\na¡v Ahew_amIp¶Xv.

1926 þ28 ImeL«¯n\p ap¼p Xs¶ admTnbnepw Xangnepsams¡ kn\naIÄ \nÀ½ns¸«ncp¶psh¦nepw aebf¡cbn kn\nabpsS \nÀ½mWw At¸mgpw A\yambncp¶p. skÃptembnUv Bcw`n¡p¶Xv kn\nasb¡pdn¨v IqSpX Adnbphm\mbn ]gbIme t_mws_ \Kc¯nte¡v F¯p¶ sP.kn Um\nben \n¶mWv. AhnsS AbmÄ C´y³ kn\nabpsS ]nXmhmb ZmZmkmln_v ^mÂsIsb ]cnNbs¸Sp¶p. hnZymk¼¶\mb sP.kn Um\nb hmb\bneqsSbmWv kn\nasb¡pdn¨v a\knem¡nbncp¶Xv. ^mÂsIbpsS Ne¨n{X \nÀ½mWw t\cn«pIWvSpw Um\nb kn\nasb IqSpX Xncn¨dnªp.

AXpt]msesbm¶v aebmf ¯nepw km[yam¡Wsa¶v sP.kn Um\nb F¶ sNdp¸¡mc³ Xocpam\n¨p. ]n¶oSv kz´w hkvXp¡sfÃmw hnäpw ]Wbs¸Sp¯nbpw kn\na¡v Bhiyamb apS¡p apX k¼mZn¨p. t_mws_bnepw a{Zmknepw Hcp§nbncp¶ ]pcmW kn\naIfn \n¶pw hyXykvXambn Hcp kmaqlnI Nn{XsaSp¡m\mWv sP.kn Um\nb Xocpam\n¨Xv. AXp Xs¶ [ocamb Hcp Xocpam\ambncp¶p. AXn\pÅ Xnc¡Ybpw sP.kn Um\nb Xs¶ cq]s¸Sp¯n. A§s\ aebmf¯nse BZy \ni_vZ Ne¨n{Xw hnKXIpamc³ ]ndhnsbSp¯p.

]n¶oSv Hcp \mbnIsb tXSnbpÅ bm{XbmWv Um\nbentâXv. PmXn hyhØ sImSnIp¯nhmW \m«n \mSIhpw \r¯hpsams¡ tamiw Imcysa¶v IcpXnbncp¶p kaqlw. \mSI¯n A`n\bn¨m Ducphne¡pIÄ t]mepw kv{XoIÄ t\cntSWvSn hcpambncp¶ Imew.

Cusbmcp Ime¯mWv Um\nb Xsâ kn\nabn \mbnIbm¡m³ tdmk½ F¶ ZfnXv bphXnsb IsWvS¯nbXv. kn\nabnse \mbÀ bphXnbpsS IYm]m{Xw AhÄ¡v \ÂIp¶p. A§s\ Um\nbensâ kao]\w hn¹hIcamb Hcp Xocpam\ambn amdn. ]n¶oSv ]e {]XnkÔnIfpw adnIS¶v cWvSp hÀjw thWvSn h¶p Um\nben\v hnKXIpamc³ ]qÀ¯nbm¡m³. A¶v aebmf¡cbn BsIbpÅXv \mtem At©m XotbädpIÄ am{Xw. kn\na sIm«I F¶p hnfn¡p¶ B XotbädpIÄ km[mcW¡mÀ¡v A{]m]yambncp¶p. {]amWnamcpw k¼¶cpambncp¶p Xntbädnse ImWnIÄ. hnKXIpamcsâ BZy {]ZÀi\¯ns\¯nb P·namÀ Hcp ZfnXv bphXn \mbÀ kv{Xobmbn A`n\bn¨Xv Hcn¡epw AwKoIcn¨nÃ. AhÀ aebmf¯nse BZy \mbnIbmbncp¶ tdmknsb kz´w kn\na t]mepw ImWn¡m³ A\phZn¡msX ASnt¨mSn¨p. ]ns¶bpw {Iqcamb th«bmSepIÄ AhÄ t\cntSWvSn h¶p. AhfpsS hoSn\v Xosh¨psImWvSmWv P·namÀ ]IXoÀ¯Xv. ]n¶oSv tdmknsb Bcpw IWvSn«nÃ. A§s\ tdmknsb¶ aebmf kn\nabpsS BZy \mbnI kz´w PohnX¯nepw Hcp Zpc´ \mbnIbmbn amdn.

tdmknsbt¸mse Xs¶ sP.kn Um\nben\pw GÂt¡WvSn h¶p henb IjvS \jvS§Ä. amS¼namcpsS FXnÀ¸pIÄ ImcWw AbmfpsS kn\na FhnsSbpw {]ZÀin¸n¡s¸«nÃ. Ahkm\w kn\nabpsS doepIÄ t]mepw sP.kn Um\nben\v \jvSs¸Sp¶p. nKXIpamc³ F¶ kn\nabpsWvS¶Xn\v sXfnhmbn Ahkm\w tijn¨Xv kn\nabpsS ]cky¡Semkpw, Nn{XoIcW kabs¯ Hcp t^mt«m{Km^pw am{Xw. kÀÆkz¯p¡fpw Bßss[cyhpw XIÀ¶ sP.kn Um\nb F¶ Ne¨n{XImc sâ XpSÀ¶pÅ PohnXhpw Ia skÃptembnUn A\mhcWw sN¿p¶pWvSv.

hyàamb ]T\t¯msS \nÀ½n¨ Hcp Ncn{X kn\na Xs¶bmWv skÃptembnUv. ]gb Ime¯v aebmf¡cbn \ne\n¶ PmXnhyhØbpsS {IqcXIÄ GXmWvSv hyàambn Xs¶ Ia ]IÀ¯nbncn¡p¶p. sP.kn Um\nbensâ PohnXsa¶Xn\pw A¸pdt¯¡v skÃptembnUn\v {]kànbpWvSmIp¶Xv ChnsSbmWv.

H¸w 1926 ChnsS BZyambn Hcp kn\na Nn{XoIcn¡pt¼mÄ F´mbncn¡mw kw`hn¨ncn¡pI F¶Xv Ncn{XtcJIÄ¡pw A¸pdw `mh\m k¼¶ambn Xs¶ Ia Xnc¡YsbgpXn Hcp¡n F¶Xn\mWv A`n\µ\w AÀln¡p¶Xv. hnKXIpamcsâ Nn{XoIcW cwKw ]et¸mgpw \À½w IeÀ¯n Xs¶ AXnitbmànIfnÃmsX AhXcn¸n¨ncn¡p¶p. H¸w kmt¦XnI hnZy XoÀ¯pw ipjvIambncp¶ B Ime¯v F§s\bmbncp¶ncn¡mw Hcp Ne¨n{X \nÀ½mWw F¶Xpw Ia hyàambn ImWn¡p¶pWvSv. ImeL«w ]p\À{IaoIcn¨t¸mÄ Iaen\v Aev]w t]mepw ]ng¨nÃ. F¶m ]gbImeL«w AhXcn¸n¡m³ kmam\y t{]£I\v A]cnNnXamb IfÀtSmWpIÄ \ÂIm³ Ia {ian¨n«panÃ. ChnsS Ombm{KmlI³ thWphns\bpw Gsd A\ptamZnt¡WvSnbncn¡p¶p.

kn\nabnse¼mSpw AXoh Pm{KXtbmsSbmWv Ia Hmtcm cwKhpw hn`mh\w sNbvXXv. BZy ]IpXnbn ZriyhÂIcn¨ PmXnhyhØbpsS {Iqcamb apJw hnfn¨p ]dª kmaqly hyhØnXntbmSv cWvSmw ]IpXnbn Iase¶ Xnc¡YmImc³ adp]Sn \ÂIp¶pWvSv. hbemdns\bpw At±l¯nsâ F¡mes¯bpw {]ikvXamb a\pjy³ aX§sf krjvSn¨p F¶ Km\¯nsâbpw hnjzepIÄ F¯n¨psImWvSv Ia Xsâ kn\na¡v hyàamb cmjv{Sob t_m[w \ÂIp¶p.

AXpt]mse Xs¶ C¶v ¥madnsâ AXn{]kc¯nepw k¼¶XbpsS aSn¯«nepw \n¡p¶ kn\nam temI¯n\v kz´w kn\nat]mepw ImWm³ IgnbmsX B«n¸mbn¡s¸« tdmknbpw Hcp kn\na Zpc´§Ä am{Xw k½m\n¨ sP.kn Um\nb F¶ Ne¨n{XImc\pw s\m¼cs¸Sp¯p¶ HmÀ½IÄ Xs¶bmbncn¡pw.

kn\nabn FSp¯p ]dtbWvSXv tdmkn F¶ IYm]m{Xambn A`n\bn¨ ]pXpapJw Nmµv\nsbbmWv. \ap¡v ]cnNnXcmb GsX¦nepw Xmcambncp¶p Cu thjw AhXcn¸n¨ncp¶sX¦n C{Xt¯mfw anIhpWvSmIpambncp¶nÃ. ChnsS Iaensâ ImÌnwKv Gsd anI¨Xmbn. Hcp ]pXpapJ¯nsâ Hcp A]ImXIfpanÃmsX Nmµv\n tdmknsb AhXcn¸n¨p. A¡me¯v P·namcm ]oUn¸n¡s¸«, ]mÀizhÂIcn¡s¸«, PohnXw \bnt¡WvSn h¶ ZfnXv kv{XobpsS `bhpw ssZ\yXbpsaÃmw Nmµv\n anI¨ coXnbn Xs¶ kv{Io\nse¯n¨p. XoÀ¨bmbpw \msfIfn aebmf kn\nabnse {][m\ Xmcambn Nmµv\n amdpsa¶p Xs¶ Dd¸n¡mw.

]Xnhv thj§fn \n¶pÅ ]rYzncmPnsâ hgnamdn \S¯w Abmfpw Rm\pw X½n F¶ kn\nasb k¼¶am¡nbXv t{]£Icpw IWvSXmWv. skÃptembnUn F¯pt¼mÄ ]rYzncmPnse \S³ Hcp]Sn IqSn hfÀ¶ncn¡p¶p. kwibanÃmsX Xs¶ ]dbmw C¶v aebmf kn\nabn sP.kn Um\nbens\ C{Xt¯mfw at\mlcambn AhXcn¸n¡m³ ]rYzncmPn\v am{Xta Ignbp. kn\nabpsS XpS¡¯n bphmhmb Um\nbens\ ]rYzn AhXcn¸n¡pt¼mÄ CXv Xs¶bmWv Um\nb F¶v t{]£Isc sImWvSv AwKoIcn¸n¡m³ ]rYzn¡v Ignbp¶pWvSv. AtX kabw Um\nbensâ hmÀ[Iyw AhXcn¸n¡pt¼mgpw IYm]m{Xw ]rYznbpsS ssI¿n `{Zw. XoÀ¨bmbpw C¯cw anI¨ kn\naIfpw IYm]m{X§fpw ]rYznbn \n¶pw C\nbpw {]Xo£n¡p¶pWvSv t{]£IÀ.

tNe§m«v tKm]meIrjvWs\ AhXcn¸n¨ {io\nhmk³, kpµÀcmPns\ AhXcn¸n¨ {ioPn¯v chn, tPm¬kWmbn A`n\bn¨ PbcmPv sk©zdn, Pm\ämbn A`n\bn¨ awavX F¶nhcptSXpw FSp¯p ]dtbWvS {]IS\amWv. Hcp ]ocoUv kn\nasb hyàambn Hcp¡m³ Iemkwhn[mbI³ kptcjv sImÃhpw, Nabsamcp¡nb ]«Ww djoZpw, tImÌyqwkv Hcp¡nb Fkv._n kXoi\pw AfhnÃm¯ ]n´pW Iaen\v \ÂInbn«pWvSv. Cu IemImc³amcn IqSnbmWv skÃptembnUnsâ BkzmZ\ \nehmcw Dbcp¶Xv.

BhÀ¯\§fpambn aSp¸n¨p \n¶ncp¶ Fw.PbN{µ\n \n¶pw at\mlcamb Km\§fpw skÃptembnUn e`n¨p. anI¨ kwKoXw krjvSn¸n¡s¸Sm³ anI¨ kn\na IqSn thWsa¶v skÃptembnUnse Km\§Ä Dd¸n¡p¶pWvSv. ""Imtä Imtä'' F¶ Km\w Be]n¨ ssh¡w hnPbe£vanbpw {iodmapw {]tXyIw ]cmaÀiw AÀln¡p¶p. aebmfn¡v \sÃmcp s\mÌmÄPn k½m\n¡m³ Cu Km\¯n\v am{Xambnt¸mepw Ignbp¶pWvSv.

FÃm¯n\pw D]cnbmbn sP.kn Um\nb F¶ kmlknI\pw hn¹hImcnbpamb aebmf kn\nabpsS ]nXmhn\pw, PmXnhyhØbpsS ]oU\§fm th«bmSs¸« aebmf kn\nabpsS BZy Ime \mbnIbv¡papÅ BZchmWv Ia AhÀ¡mbn kaÀ¸n¨n«pÅ Cu Nn{Xw. H¸w skÃptembnUv \mfs¯ aebmfn¡p thWvSnbpÅ Ncn{X tcJ IqSnbmhp¶p. AXpsImWvSp Xs¶ Hcn¡Â IqSn A`n\µ\§Ä IaÂ.