hnPbw Unssk³ sNbvX PohnXw

FÃmhÀ¡pw hnPbw kz´am¡msa¶v kz´w PohnXw hgn ImWn¨p XcnIbmWv joe sPbnwkv.

{]apJ cm{ãob t\Xmhpw ap³ a{´nbpamb t__n tPmWnsâ {]nbaIÄ joe sPbnwkv "t_mUnSyq¬kv' "skdo\' F¶o {]apJ hkv{X Øm]\§fpsS ta[mhn IqSnbmWv. aebmfn kv{XoIfpsS hkv{Xk¦ev]§Ä¡p \nd¡qs«mcp¡p¶ "t_mUn Syq¬kv' "skdo\' F¶o _q«n¡pIfpsS Aac¡mcnIqSnbmWv. kz´w Øm]\w XpS§n hnPbw hcn¨ kv{XoIfpsS Iq«¯n joe Pbnwknsâ t]cpapWvSv.

hnPbw FÃmhÀ¡pw kz´am¡msa¶pw AXp t\SnsbSp¡Wsa¶ CÑmiànbpw ITn\m[zm\hpw am{Xw aXnsb¶Xn\pw joe sPbnwknsâ PohnXw km£yamIp¶p.

cm{ãob NÀ¨Ifpw AWnIfpw t\Xm¡fpw \ndª IpSpw_m´co£¯n ]¸m¨sâ {]nbs¸« aIfmbn hfÀ¶ joe cm{ãobcwK¯v F¯pIbmbncp¶ntà kzm`mhnIambpw kw`hnt¡WvSnbncn¡p¶Xv?

]pdta \n¶pw BtemNn¡pt¼mÄ A§s\ tXm¶pw. F¶m R§fpsS IpSpw_m´co£w XnI¨pw thdn«Xmbncp¶p. ho«n cm{ãob Nn´IÄ kPohambncps¶¦nepw ]¸m¨³ R§sf cm{ãob¯nsâ shÅnshfn¨¯n \n¶pw amän \nÀ¯n. R§Ä aq¶p a¡Ä¡pw \à hnZym`ymkw t\Sn¯cWw F¶pw AÑ\pw A½bpw B{Kln¨p. A½¨n kvIqÄ A[ym]nIbmbncp¶phtÃm. AXn\m R§fpsS ]T\¯n A½bpsS am{Xaà Hc[ym]nIbpsSbpw taÂt\m«w DWvSmbn. R§Ä D¶XhnZym`ymkw t\SWsa¶ ]¸m¨sâbpw A½bpsSbpw B{KlwsImWvSv Xs¶ Rm³ _ncpZm\´c _ncpZhpw, Fsâ Cfb ktlmZc·mcmb jmPn t__n tPmWpw, jn_p t__n tPmWpw (Ct¸mgs¯ sXmgn hIp¸v a{´n) F©n\obdnwKv _ncpZhpw t\Sn.

cm{ãob ss]XrI¯n \n¶pw hyXykvXamb hyhkmb taJebnte¡p kzbw F¯nt¨cpIbmbncpt¶m?

cm{ãobamWv Fsâ ss]XrIhgn F¶p ]dbp¶ ]eÀ¡pw Adnbm¯ Hcp kXyapWvSv. {]Kev`\msbmcp cm{ãob t\Xmhv F¶Xpt]mse ]¸m¨³ Hcp anI¨ _nkn\kpam³ IqSnbmWv. cm{ãob¯nse hnPbKmYIÄs¡m¸w _nkn\knepw At±lw hnPbs¡mSn ]mdn¨n«pWvSv.

1960Ifn ]¸m¨³ Hcp ko^pUv _nkn\kv \S¯nbncp¶p. (Fsâ ktlmZc·mÀ ]n¡me¯v Cu _nkn\kv GsäSp¡pIbmbncp¶p) hyhkmb¯n hnPb§Ä IsWvS¯phm\pÅ Hcp a\kpw, AÀ¸Whpw ]¸m¨\pWvSmbncp¶p. ]pXnb Nn´IfpsS, Bib§fpsS Iehdbmbncp¶p ]¸m¨³.

]pXnb _nkn\kv Xe§Ä IsWvS¯pI, shÃphnfnIÄ kmlknIambn GsäSp¡pI XpS§nbhsbms¡ Hcp hyhkmbnbpsS hnPb¯nsâ {][m\ LSI§fmWtÃm. Chbnte¡v Fsâ ktlmZc·msc F¯n¨Xpw ]¸m¨\mWv. CXmWv ko^pUv taJebn tZiobhpw, A´ÀtZiobhpamb AwKoImcw AhÀ¡p ]n¡me¯v t\Sns¡mSp¯Xv.

k¼¶hpw, {]ikvXhpamb Hcp IpSpw_¯n kuIcy§Ä¡nSbnemWv PohnXw XpS§nbXpw. F¶n«pw F´psImWvSv hfsc dnkvIpÅ Hcp hyhkmbw kz´w Npaen GsäSp¯p? FhnsSbmWv XpS¡w?

sNdp¸w apXse hyXykvX amXrIIfnepÅ kmcnItfmSpw, »ukpItfmSpw XmXvv]cyapWvSmbncp¶p. tImfPn ]Tn¡p¶ Ime¯p Rm³ Nne  hkv{X§sfms¡ X\nsb Unssk³ sN¿pambncp¶p. kplr¯p¡sfms¡ CXp {i²n¡phm\pw {]iwkn¡phm\pw XpS§nbt¸mÄ ]pXnb Unssk\pIÄ ]co£n¡phm³ {]tNmZ\apWvSmbn, Bßhnizmkhpw.

hnhmltijw Fsâ `À¯mhv sPbnwkv sI. tPmk^nsâ (A¡uWvSâv P\dembn hncan¨p) tPmen kw_Ôambn R§Ä sNss¶ DÄs¸sS ]e kwØm\§fnepw Bbncp¶p. Ip«nIÄ hfcpIbpw kvIqfn t]mIm³ XpS§pIbpw sNbvXt¸mÄ ]I F\n¡p [mcmfw kabw In«phm³ XpS§n. Fsâ kabhpw, PohnXhpw Rm³ ]mgm¡nIfbpIbmWv F¶ Nn´ Fs¶ Ae«phm³ XpS§nbncp¶p.

sNss¶bn Xmakn¡p¶ Ime¯p Rm³ Fsâ Nne hkv{X§Ä kzbw Unssk³ sNbvXp. Hcp amä¯n\p thWvSnbmbncp¶p AXv. ho«n Hcp Xp¶Â¡mcs\ GÀ¸mSm¡nbmWp NpcnZmdpIÄ Xp¶n¨Xv. sNss¶bn Hcp _q«oIvv \S¯nbncp¶ Fsâ Hcp kplr¯ns\ Rm\o hkv{X§Ä ImWn¨p. Fsâ a\Ên DZn¨ ]pXnb Xc¯nse Unssk\pIÄ Bbncp¶p Ah. kplr¯n\v Cu Unssk\pIÄ hfsc CãamhpIbpw sNss¶bn AhÀ \S¯nbncp¶ _q«n¡n Ch {]ZÀin¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

AhnsS Fs¶ `mKyw ISm£n¨p XpS§n F¶p ]dbmw. ImcWw Cu hkv{X§Ä s]s«¶p Xs¶ hnäpt]mhpIbpw ]pXnb Unssk\pIÄ¡v Bhiyw hcnIbpw sNbvXp.

]n¶oSv F\n¡p Xncnªp t\mt¡WvSn h¶n«nÃ. Rm³ IqSpX Xp¶Â¡mscbpw, Ft{_mbnUdn IemImc³amscbpw GÀ¸mSm¡n ho«n Xs¶ Hcp Unssk³ ÌpUntbm Øm]n¨p. Nn«bmb coXnbn Unssk\nwKpw, hkv{X\nÀamWhpw Bcw`n¨p. sNss¶bnse hnhn[ _q«o¡pIfn Fsâ Unssk\pIÄ Rm³ {]ZÀin¸n¨p XpS§n. am{Xaà sNss¶bnepw, tIcf¯nepw hkv{X§fpsS amXrIIfpsS FIvkn_nj\pIfpw kwLSn¸n¨p.

"t_mUn Syq¬kv' F¶ BZy Øm]\¯nte¡v?

1986þ sNss¶bnemWv BZyw "t_mUnSyq¬kv' F¶ Unssk\À _p«oIv Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. Rm³ Unssk³ sNbvX hkv{X§Ä P\§Ä Cãs¸«p XpS§nbtXmsS Øm]\¯nse Xnc¡p hÀ[n¨p. A§s\ _nkn\kv ]pXnsbmcp hgn¯ncnhn F¯pIbmbncp¶p. Hcp _nkn\kv temIw F§s\ Hcp¡nsbSp¯p F¶v Ct¸mÄ BtemNn¡pt¼mÄ Rm³ t]mepadnbmsX A§s\ kw`hn¨p F¶p ]dbpIbmhpw \ÃXv.

BZyImew {]XnkÔnIfpsSXmbncn¡patÃm GsXmcp ]pXnb kwcw`Ibv¡pw?

XoÀ¨bmbpw, hfsc hfsc A[zm\tadnbXpw, kwLÀj`cnXhpw Xs¶bmbncp¶p. ]pdta \n¶p ImWp¶Xv t]msebà hyhkmb temIw. GsXmcp _nkn\kpw hnPbIcam¡n XoÀ¡pI F¶Xv AXy´w ImTn\ytadnbXp Xs¶bmWv. hfsctbsd sXmgnemfnIÄ ]¦ptNcp¶ kwcw`w BIpt¼mÄ AXnepWvSmIp¶ {]iv\§fpw Duln¡matÃm. Fs¶ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw sNss¶ F\n¡p A{X ]cnNnXaÃm¯ \Kcw IqSnbmbncp¶p.

hkv{Xhym]mc¯n\p BhiyapÅ kma{KnIÄ IsWvS¯pI, Unssk³ sN¿pI, DXvv]mZ\w ¹m³ sN¿pI, KpW\nehmcw hnebncp¯pI F¶nhsbms¡ XoÀ¨bmbpw henb NpaXeIÄ BWv. ap¶n amXrIIÄ CÃmsX, hnÚm\ t{kmXÊpIÄ CÃmsX FÃm¯n\pap]cn A\p`h§Ä CÃmsX XnI¨pw ITn\amb Hcp sXmgn hgn Asæn PohnX hgn. C¶s¯ t]mepÅ ^mj³ Unssk\nwKv tImgvkpItfm, amt\Pvsaâv ssKUv sse\pItfm, CâÀs\täm, tdmÄtamUtem H¶pw Xs¶ CÃ.

F´mbncp¶p AXnPoh\ t^mÀape ?

F§s\ apt¶m«pt]mbn F¶p tNmZn¨m hkv{X sshhn[y§tfmSpw hn]W\ cwKt¯mSpapÅ Afhä XmXv]cyw, Fsâ Dd¨ a\Êmbn cq]w {]m]n¡pIbmbncp¶p. ]ns¶ Fsâ IpSpw_w \evInb iàntbdnb ]n´pWbpw Fs¶ apt¶m«v \bn¡pIbmbncp¶p.

Xncph\´]pc¯v "t_mUn Syq¬kv'sâ XpS¡w?

1988þemWv Xncph\´]pc¯v "t_mUn Syq¬kv' Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. tIcf¯n Fsâ Unssk\pIÄ¡v HcnSw F¶ B ib¯nsâ km£m Xv¡mcamWv XeØm\ ¯nse t_mUn Syq¬kv. CXnsâ DZvLmS\w {]ikvX Ne¨n{X Xmcw a½q«nbmWv \nÀhln¨Xv.

tIcf hn]Wnbnte¡pÅ NphSphbv¸pw hnPbhpw.

sXm®qdpIfpsS BZyIme¯mWv R§fspS IpSpw_w Xncph\´]pct¯bv¡v amdp¶Xv. _nkn\Êpw, \nÀamW bqWnäpw, sXmgnemfnIfpw FÃmw XeØm\ \Kc¯nte¡v amäp¶tXmsSbmWv tIcf hn]Wnbnte¡v IqSpXÂ {i² Xncn¡p¶Xv. Xncph\´]pc¯v 2000 ¯nemWv "skdo\' Unssk³ _q«o¡v cw`n¡p¶Xv.

hkv{XtaJebpambn _Ôs¸«mWv Fsâ PohnX¯nsâbpw bm{XIfpsSbpw henb `mKw. A§s\ Rm³ IsWvS¯p¶ hnhn[ Unssk³ hkv{X§Ä¡p thWvSn Ipd¨pIqSn hnimeamb Hcp kvt]kv F¶ \nebnemWv "skdo\' Øm]n¡s¸Sp¶Xv.

hfsc kt´mjt¯msS ]dbs« "skdo\' tIcf¯nse ^mj³ cwK¯v Hcp h³XcwKw Xs¶ DWvSm¡n. CXv kzm`mhnIambpw ]pXnb D]tbmàm¡sf krãn¡pIbpw _nkn\Êv hn]pes¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp. ]n¶oSmWv "tIm«¬ kväpUntbm' cq]s¸Sp¶Xv.

C´ybpsS X\Xp XpWn¯c§fpsS hn]Wn F¶ \nebnemWv CXv. sdUnsabvUv hkv{X§fpsS BhiyIX ]cnKWn¨v skdo\bv¡v Xs¶ Hcp imJbpw XpS§n. kÀhmÀ skäpIÄ, IpÀ¯n F¶nhbpsS Cu tiJcw C¶s¯ bphXeapd s\t©änbncn¡p¶p.

bm{XIfpw ]pXp]p¯³ Unssk\pIfpw

hnhn[ Unssk\pIfnepÅ Fsâ Xmev]cyhpw, {`ahpw, hkv{Xhym]mcimeIsf Ipdn¨p IqSpX a\Ênem¡phm\pÅ B{Klhpw ImcWw Rm³ C´ybnse {][m\ hkv{Xhym]mc tI{µ§Ä FÃmw Xs¶ kµÀin¨ncp¶p. cmPØm³, Pbv]qÀ XpS§nb hnhn[ kwØm\§fnse X\Xp hkv{Xhym]mc imeIfpw, hkv{X \nÀamWhpw Fs¶ AZv`pXs¸Sp¯n.

hÀWhnkvab§fpsS ap¶n Hcp Ip«nbpsS IuXpIhpambn \n¶n«pWvSv Rm³. hkv{X§fpsS hnZKv[cmb inev]nItfmSv AhcpsS sXmgnensâ Hmtcm Awihpw hniZambn tNmZn¨p a\Ênem¡p¶Xpw Fsâ Hcp ioeambncp¶p. hkv{X§tfmSpÅ Fsâ tamlw, henb AdnhpIfnte¡p F¯n¡pIbmbncp¶p F¶pthWsa¦n ]dbmw. "IewImcn' "_mµn\n' "PmwZ\n' F¶nhsb Ipdns¨Ãmw hkv{XhnZKv²cn \n¶pw t\cn«mWv Rm³ a\Ênem¡p¶Xv. ]Xps¡ ]Xps¡ Cu cwK¯v Aev]w sshZKv[yw BÀÖn¡phm³ F\n¡p km[n¨p. C¯c¯nse A\p`h§fpw, sshZKv[yhpw Rm³ Fsâ _nkn\Ênte¡p ]dn¨p \SpIbmbncp¶p.

cWvSv ]XnämWvSntesdbpÅ A\p`hw hensbmcp t\«atÃ?

AtX. XoÀ¨bmbpw. hkv{X hn]W\ cwK¯v \oWvS hÀjs¯ ]cnNbhpw A\p`h§fpw hensbmcp t\«w Xs¶bmWv. ]pXnb A`ncpNnIfpambpw s{S³UpIfpambpw CgtNÀ¶p \nc´cw \o§phm³ CsXs¶ klmbn¡p¶p.

hkv{X hn]W\taJebnepÅ FÃm {]apJ hnZKv²cpambpÅ \oWvSImeambpÅ kpZrVamb _Ôw sImWvSv amÀ¡änse GsXmcp ]pXnb hnImkhpw, amähpw Xncn¨dnbphm³ km[n¡p¶pWvSv. hn]Wnbnse¯pw ap¼v Xs¶ ]pXp s{S³UpIÄ a\Ênem¡p¶Xpw C§s\bmWv. Gähpw ]pXnbh sXcsªSp¡phm\pw km[n¡p¶p. Rm³ B{Kln¡p¶Xpt]msebpÅ hkv{X§Ä {]nâv sN¿phm\pw, Fwt{_mbnUdn sN¿phm\pw Xp¶n FSp¡phm\papÅ Ahkc§fpw e`n¡p¶pWvSv. Fsâ a\Ênse; `mh\bnse \nd§fpw, amXrIIfpw FÃmw bmYmÀYyam¡phm³ CXneqsS F\n¡p km[n¡p¶p. Fsâ bm{XIÄ¡nSbn aäp hkv{X Unssk³Àamcpambpw Rm³ kwhZn¡mdpWvSv. hnhn[ \Kc§fnse ]pXnb ^mj³ s{S³UpIsf Ipdn¨dnbphm³ CXp klmbIamWv. CXp IqSmsX ^mj³ kw_Ôamb amknIIÄ XpSÀ¨bmbn hmbn¡mdpWvSv, CâÀs\änse hÀWm`amb ^mj³ temIhpw Rm³ {i²m]qÀhw ho£n¡p¶p. CXp A´mcm{ã Xe¯nse ^mj³ temIs¯bpw amdp¶ s{S³UpIsfbpw Ipdn¨p A¸vtUäUv BIphm³ ]cym]vXamWv.

Xm¦fpsS Nn{XcN\m kn²n, {Intbänhnän FÃmw Cu _nkn\Êv hnPb¯nsâ LSI§ftÃ?

Bbncn¡mw. ]ehn[ \nd§Ä IsWvS¯phm\pw ]co£n¡phm\pw DÅnse Nn{XImcn klmbn¡pI kzm`mhnIamWv. {]IrXn Xs¶ F{X A\´amb hÀW§fpsS CSamsW¶p Rm³ Nnet¸mÄ Nn´n¡mdpWvSv. BImi¯n\pw, ISen\psaÃmw F{X \ndsshhn[y§fmWv. Nn{X¯nte¡pw, XpWn¯c§fnte¡pw [mcmfambn ]IÀ¯phm³ ]änb \nd§Ä {]IrXn Xs¶ kÖam¡nbn«pWvSv.

]¸m¨\pw A½bpw \evInb {]tNmZ\w?

Fsâ PohnX¯nse hnkvab hyànXz§fmWv Fsâ ]¸m¨\pw A½¨nbpw. Gähpw henb {]tNmZ\hpw.

GXv Imcyw GsäSp¡pt¼mgpw AXn \qdpiXam\hpw kaÀ¸nXamhpI F¶Xmbncp¶p ]¸m¨sâ coXn. Cu BßmÀYXbpw, AÀ¸Whpw Fs¶ hfsctbsd {]tNmZn¸n¨n«pWvSv. kzm[o\n¨n«pWvSv. Imcy§Ä kq£vaambn hnebncp¯psXbpw ]Tn¡msXbpw Hcp Xocpam\hpw At±lw FSp¯ncp¶nÃ. a{´nbmbncn¡p¶ Imebfhn cm{XnIfn Dd¡samgn¨ncp¶p Akw»n NÀ¨IÄ¡v ]¸m¨³ X¿msdSp¡p¶Xv Rm³ IWvSn«pWvSv. ITn\ambn A[zm\n¡p¶ Cu kz`mhw Fs¶ kzm[o\n¨n«pWvSv. FÃm¯n\p]cn ]¸m¨sâ hyànXzw, PohnX¯nse Nn«Ifpw A¨S¡hpw.

Hmtcm AWphnepw kXykÔX ]men¨ At±lw hnPb§Ä sIm¿phm³ Hcn¡epw Xsâ aqey§fn \n¶pw, hnizmk§fn \n¶pw hyXnNen¨nÃ.

]¸m¨sâ PohnX¯n F¶t]mse R§fpsS PohnX¯nepw Icp¯mbpw, \ndªkm¶n[yambpw A½bpWvSv. PohnX¯n Bhiyamb aqey§fpw, ]n´pWbpw FÃmw A½ R§Ä¡p \evIn. ITn\m[zm\ {]IrXapÅ A½bpsS PohnXw Cu F¬]Xmas¯ hbÊnepw kmÀYIamWv. Hscmä \nanjw t]mepw A½¨n ]mgm¡p¶nÃ. PohnX¯n \½Ä amXrIbmt¡WvS A\h[n KpW§Ä ]¸m¨\pw A½¨n¡pw DWvSv F¶p Rm³ hnizkn¡p¶p. hfsctbsd _nkn\Êv ]ptcmKXn DWvSmbncp¶t¸mgpw ]¸m¨\pw A½¨nbpw efnXamb PohnXw \bn¨p, R§sf AXnte¡p \bn¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

tdmÄ tamUÂ ?

kz´w PohnX¯nsâ sNdnb heb¯n \n¶pw [ocambn ]pd¯p IS¶p kz´ambn {]hÀ¯n¨v hyànXzw sXfnbn¡p¶ FÃm kv{XoIfpw Fsâ tdmÄ tamUepIfmWv. AhcptSXmb taJeIfn Ignhp sXfnbn¨ kv{XoIfpsS KpW§Ä Rm³ hneaXn¡p¶p. `mctadnb aÕyIp«bpw Npa¶p kz´w Ip«nIsfbpw IpSpw_s¯bpw t]mäm\pw Ip«nIsf ]Tn¸n¡phm\pw ]Ie´ntbmfw A[zm\n¡p¶ aÕysXmgnemfnIfmb kv{XoIfpsS XymKw Rm³ Xncn¨dnbp¶p. Ahsc _lpam\n¡p¶p. AXpt]mse aÄ«n \mjW Øm]\§fpsS Xe¸¯ncp¶v \nb{´n¡p¶ kv{XobpsS Ignhpw, amt\Pvsaâv kvInÃpw Rm³ Bcm[n¡p¶p.

hkv{Xhn]W\ taJebn \oWvS 26 hÀj¯n A[nIamb ]cnNb k¼¯pÅ joe sPbnwkv ]pXnb kwcw`IÀ¡p \evIp¶ amÀKtcJIÄ ?

Fsâ CXphscbpÅ PohnXm\p`h¯n \n¶pw F\n¡p tXm¶nbn«pÅ Hcp Imcyw Cu cwKt¯mSv a\Êv sImWvSv AXoh Xmev]cyw DsWvS¦n am{Xta CXnte¡v Cd§m³ ]mSpÅq F¶mWv. Xmev]cyw F¶p ]dªm tamlhpw DÄhnfnbpw FÃmw DWvSmIWw. ]Ww k¼mZn¡phm\pÅ Ffp¸hgnbmtbm Fs´¦nepsamcp _nkn\Êv sN¿mw F¶ D]cn¹hamb ImgvN¸mSpamtbm hkv{Xhn]W\cwKt¯bv¡v hccpXv. \½psS apgph³ a\Êpw {i²bpw thWvS Hcp kwcw`w IqSnbmWnXv. C\n aäp Imcy§sf¡pdn¨p ]dªmÂ. hkv{X\nÀamW¯nsâ FÃm L«§fnepw \½psS Hcp taÂt\m«w DWvSmIWw.

BtcmKyIcamb \nb{´Whpw. hkv{X§fpsS KpW\nehmc¯nepw Hcp hn«phogvNbpw ]mSnÃ. \½psS {Intbänhnän \¶mbn D]tbmKn¡pIbpw thWw. \à hkv{X§Ä \evInbn am{Xw t]mc, D]tbmàm¡fpambn \à _Ôw Øm]n¡p¶Xpw BhiyamWv. Xp¶Â¡mcpw, hkv{Xinev]nIfpw, Cu cwKs¯ hnZKv²cpw Bbpw _Ôw kq£n¡phm\pw {i²n¡Ww.

]pXnb AdnhpIÄ t\SpIbpw, Cu hnjb¯n A]vtUäUv BhpIbpw sN¿pI. _nkn\Êv cwKs¯ Xncn¨SnIfpw, {]XnkÔnIfpw [ocambn t\cnSphm\pw h³ hnPb§fn kzbw ad¡mXncn¡phm\pw {i²n¡pIbpw thWw.

Fkv. aRvPpfmtZhn